Social Work Practice: Values and Ethics

Social Work Practice: Values and Ethics Presentation At its most essential social work is a reliable and sorted out way to deal with the social issues of families and people. It is a methodology that centers around helping individuals to support themselves (Moore, 2002).[1]Most specialists enter social work on account of a pledge to social equity, or in any event a longing to help other people and to see improvement and constructive change in people’s lives. Present day social work, alongside other open administrations, is in effect progressively run along business lines and market standards. Today’s social specialist subsequently is stood up to with the administrative methodology, execution markers, care supervisors and care bundles. Given the current situation where everything is guided by spending plans and the need to fulfill those in control by handling a case as fast as conceivable one marvels whether a social specialist has the opportunity to be guided by general moral standards, not to mention a particular code of training. In the current atmosphere it is anything but difficult to overlook that social specialists are focused on the perspective on the inherent human worth of every person, and the accompanying perspective that every individual merits the most ideal consideration and guidance. In 1948 the Universal Declarati[2]on of Human Rights appeared. The announcement epitomizes a perspective on the inalienable worth and poise of the human individual. The presentation embraces the idea of individual opportunity on the premise that such opportunity didn't encroach the privileges of others, these are the rights on which a lot of social work practice is based. This paper will start with a general meaning of morals. It will at that point take a gander at the morals and qualities which support social work practice. There will be an appraisal of social work esteems and of their importance to hostile to biased and against harsh practice. Morals Morals are general good rules that are proposed to educate the overseeing regarding human conduct. Therefore, a great many people would hold to the view that a few things, for example, remorselessness and murder are never right, or exploitative. Moral codes, in any case, might be founded on moral standards, yet are not as generalisable or all around appropriate. This is on the grounds that they allude to specific callings and the manner by which proficient conduct is represented. Such moral codes can't be supposed to be impartial or esteem free since they are relevant. They emerge inside a specific setting and are applied to a specific reason in that capacity, moral codes are affected by the belief systems held in that unique situation (Butler, 2000). The setting being inspected here, is that of social work practice. Codes of training and morals are regularly hopeful, since they might be viewed as giving a plan to how a social laborer should act when it is difficult to enact for each circumstance, and this may bring about an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world (Banks, 2003). Social specialists accordingly, should have the option to perceive when the code of training inside which they are required to work, doesn't work inside a system that is educated by human rights and social equity (Husband, 1995). The Client’s Needs Shon (1991) has contended that: Experts guarantee to add to social prosperity, put their clients’ needs in front of their own, and consider themselves responsible to measures of fitness and ethical quality. (Schon, 1991:11-12). A few pundits keep up that the manner by which social administrations regularly works is self-serving as opposed to serving the necessities of the customers, yet social laborers do police themselves and their calling. The manner by which they do this is to contemplate what they are doing, why they are doing it, and what moral ramifications this may have. Surely social hard working attitudes ought not persuade that the social work calling should serve itself, rather the necessities of the customer ought to be generally significant. One of the manners in which this is accomplished is by building up clear relationship limits at an opportune time. This is on the grounds that contribution with a customer that is too close to home is in opposition to what the BASW needs to state about social hard working attitudes and qualities. The social work calling advances social change, critical thinking in human connections and the strengthening and freedom of individuals to improve prosperity. Using speculations of human conduct and social frameworks, social work intercedes at the focuses where individuals interface with their surroundings. Standards of human rights and social equity are principal to social work (BASW,2001). [3] Social work practice, so as to be moral practice must be focused on the requirements of administration clients Social laborers of need mediate in people’s lives and have an impact on circumstances, moral dynamic is along these lines an indispensable segment of social work practice (Osmo and Landau, 2001). The Association is there to offer guidance to social laborers on what establishes moral dynamic in various settings. Moral Decision Making Dynamic must be grounded in the qualities and morals of social work. A portion of the issues that social specialists need to manage and that include them in moral dynamic base on adjusting the privileges of one individual against others, around open government assistance and issues of institutional and auxiliary mistreatment. This can make life troublesome in light of the fact that the social specialist has then to recognize when establishments and structures are being severe and how the estimations of social work might be utilized to battle this. Dynamic is additionally risky in light of the fact that social specialists are focused on secrecy as for the individuals they work with. Some of the time a social specialist is confronted with a circumstance where the person may, for everyone's benefit, be compelled to break the ethic of privacy in light of the fact that the customer might be a risk to themselves of another person. This causes a contention of qualities and the social labore r has, with the assistance of his/her manager, to adjust the necessities of the person against the requirements of everyone's benefit. At any rate social work should start with an unmistakable promise to social equity which tries to challenge neediness and segregation in the entirety of its structures since social work has its foundations in the nineteenth century moves to destroy destitution and joblessness. Everybody has the privilege to be shielded from misuse and to be treated with deference. This isn't simple when Government talks express worry for incorporation and uniformity for example for those with psychological wellness issues, at that point utilize talks which disregard factors, for example, race, sexual orientation and class and social conditions, that are relevant to any legitimate comprehension of a person’s condition. The Human Rights Act of 1998 makes it compulsory for neighborhood specialists to act in manners that are familiar with the Act. Social specialists help with the issues looked by individuals with incapacities. Social specialists have an obligation to be familiar with the Human Rights Act and the Community Care Act of 1990. Social specialists are confronted with settling on choices concerning what characterizes an individual with handicaps and furthermore how to evaluate their requirements. On the off chance that an inappropriate type of care is recommen ded, for example confinement under the Mental Health Act for an individual who doesn't satisfy the predetermined standards, at that point this could be an encroachment of human rights. Social specialists are compelled by a sense of honor to put together their training with respect to ideas of human rights and social equity and yet they should be increasingly mindful of how the imbalances that they find in the public arena may influence their training (Cemlyn and Briskman 2003). Society doesn't generally work to the greatest advantage of the distinct individual, moreover, the presentation of market standards into social consideration can imply that the legitimate structure inside which a social specialist needs to act may likewise (anyway much it is unintended) neutralize singular rights. A few pundits for example Challis (1990) keep up that before advertise standards and managerialism being brought into social consideration, social specialists worked with an a lot more noteworthy level of opportunity. It is apparently the situation that the social laborer is compelled by a sense of honor to act as per a procedure that is educated by the esteeming of the human indiv idual and the idea of human rights, and may, hence, should be set up to work outside of a system that (yet unintended) keeps them from working as per this ethic (Cemlyn and Briskman, 2003). Wolff (2002) discusses temperance morals being the foundation of social work practice as a result of its anxiety with an equitable society and equity for people. Remembering this social specialists try to participate in hostile to biased and against harsh practice in all that they do. Hostile to prejudicial and Anti-severe Practice An emancipatory and hostile to severe mentality is a basic segment of moral social work, social laborers ought to be individuals empowering agents, empowering individuals to go to bat for their privileges and giving them a voice. Horton and Pattapen (2004) contend that in contemporary society people are regularly undermined in quantities of ways and feel incapable to adapt to the standards that control their lives. Social laborers manage the misery that outcomes from this and in their training should address social frameworks wherein an expanding number of individuals experience the ill effects of bad form, abuse, and prohibition from standard society. Against unfair practice implies assessing basic detriments for example how the structures of society regularly neutralize certain gatherings for example those with inabilities, ladies, and ethnic minorities. It additionally implies that the social laborer takes care not to utilize unfair language and to give a valiant effort to advance the nobility and self-esteem of administration clients. The ethos of the value of individual human people is frequently checked by current social work practice. Under the rules for social consideration social laborers help people to pick what is best for them, by and by be that as it may, care supervisors are the individuals who hold the spending plans and budgetary concerns can

Starbucks Companys Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Starbucks Companys Marketing Plan - Essay Example The goals are as per the following: Starbucks is currently an easily recognized name and is proceeding to dive into different regions, for example, uniting with huge organizations (Dreyers Grand Ice Cream, Pepsi-Cola, Hear Music, Tazo Tea Company, Kraft Foods, and so on to keep fanning out. Euromonitor International : Global Company Profile (2004) reports,It plans to situate its outlet as clients third spot, an area where the client feels ready to loosen up liberated from the weights of either work or home Starbucks' fundamental target is to set up Starbucks as the most perceived and regarded brand on the planet. To accomplish this, the organization intends to keep on quickly extend its outlets, to develop retail deals of its packaged beverages and dessert and present new items and grow appropriation channels. By permitting understanding, it has united with other gigantic organizations. By putting itself all over the place and creating client unwaveringness by giving what they need and need (in numerous regions). Having clients who are faithful to a specific brand is the way in to an organization's prosperity. At the point when an organization can acquire clients who are faithful to its image, this is amazingly worthwhile as the clients are the ones who will do the publicizing and the selling. The organization doesn't need to fill in as hard. The upsides of situating Starbucks as a way of life item and uniting with different organizations were many. Increasing an upper hand by selling an item as well as selling a network; a spot where individuals could have a feeling of having a place. By contacting individuals' feelings, they had the option to hit directly at the heart, where individuals are moved, and choices are effectively made dependent on feelings and what contacts them. Their clients were caused to feel exceptional and a piece of a world class bunch encompassed by others like them as the individuals who bought the espressos, items, (for example, occasion things), and music could have a similar social way of life. It is something other than a negligible mug of espresso that they were getting. It is a way of life, a network, a lifestyle, and the clients' third area. In this day and age, there

Manage BPD Using the Pros Cons Tool

Manage BPD Using the Pros Cons Tool BPD Living With BPD Print Manage BPD Using the Pros Cons Tool By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on May 11, 2019 Hero Images/Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Using the Pros and Cons is a skill taught in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), a cognitive behavior approach to borderline personality disorder (BPD). During DBT, this tool is used to help you evaluate whether or not to engage in impulsive behaviors  or aggressive actions. But this tool can help you think through other kinds of decisions too. By thinking through the consequences of what may happen and by evaluating what your goal is for your behavior, you can help manage your symptoms. If you are struggling to decide what to do in a given situation, give the Pros and Cons Tool a try.   Getting Ready   Get a piece of paper and draw one horizontal and one vertical line to divide it into quarters. At the top of the upper left-hand corner write “pros of BLANK.” Fill in the blank by writing in whatever behavior you are thinking of doing. For example, if you are thinking of fighting with someone who hurt you, write in “hitting.” If you are thinking of quitting therapy, write in “pros of quitting therapy.” At the top of the upper right-hand corner write “cons of BLANK” and fill in the blank with whatever you wrote in the upper left-hand corner (i.e., cons of hitting, cons of quitting therapy). Next, at the top of the lower left-hand corner write “pros of BLANK.” Fill in the blank with the behavior that is the opposite of whatever you are thinking of doing. So, if you are thinking of fighting, write in “pros of not fighting. For the quitting therapy example, write in “pros of staying in therapy.” At the top of the lower right-hand corner right “cons of BLANK” and again fill in the blank with the behavior that is the opposite of the one you are thinking of doing. Listing the Pros and Cons Now that you have your sheet set up, fill in the squares with all the positive consequences (“pros”) and negative consequences (“cons”) that you can think of for each scenario. Feel free to use extra paper if you need it. For example, for “pros of fighting you might write: “Get rid of the emotional pain instantly.” For “pros of not hitting” you might write, “Not getting in trouble at work or school.” Or, for “pros” of quitting therapy you might write: “An extra hour each week to devote to other things.” For “cons” of quitting therapy you might write: “Have to try to find ways to reduce my symptoms on my own.” How to Evaluate the Pros and Cons Once you have completed the form with every consequence you can think of, take a look at it again, and see if anything stands out to you. Any patterns that you notice? Any quadrants that are empty, or full? After completing this exercise, does it change what you want to do? Carefully evaluate the pros and cons, and compare them to what your purpose is. If for instance, your goal is to eventually recover from borderline personality disorder and have a strong relationship, there are steps you need to take to get there. Quitting therapy, while it may free up some time, will make it harder for you to reach your end goal. By looking at both sides of the situation and their repercussions, you can make more appropriate and measured decisions about how to act.

The Impact Of Adventist Health Systems On Health Care...

BACKGROUND In 1866 the Seven-day Adventist Church in Battle Creek, Michigan established a private nonprofit healthcare program. This program starting expanding in 12 different states, in 1973 the Seven-day Adventist church founded Adventist Health System in order to support and strengthen all faith based Seven-day Adventist health care organizations in the United States under one mission statement of â€Å"Extending the healing ministry of Christ.† Adventist Health Systems is currently compromised of 46 hospital campuses, skilled nursing facilities, home health and hospice, urgent care centers and around 82,000 employees in the states of Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Texas, Michigan, Kentucky, Colorado, Tennessee, Wisconsin, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Kansas (Adventist Health System, 2016). Adventist Health Systems is committed to be a national leader in health care quality, safety, and patient satisfaction to the 4.7 million patients who visit them annually. It is ensured to pro vide each patient that seeks health care services a whole-person health experience, not only providing health care services but also providing a blueprint for healthy living called CREATION Health. Each letter in CREATION has a meaning bases on the principle of the story of creation in the Bible. C stands for Choice, R stands for Rest, E stands for Environment, A stands for Activity, T stands for Trust, I stands for Interpersonal relationships, O stands for Outlook, and N stands for Nutrition.Show MoreRelatedA Interview On Florida Hospital1411 Words   |  6 PagesFlorida Hospital was founded in Orlando by the Seventh Day Adventist church in 1908. It is part of a 46-hospital network, with 20 nursing homes and 25 health care agencies extending across 12 states that make up Adventist Health System (AHS). AHS is one of the nation’s largest hospital systems, and is a not-for-profit healthcare organization. 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A newborn baby can acquire complications if the procedure was incorrectly performed. The Intrapartum/Newborn Practices assessment tools were developed through a collaboration between the Philippine General Hospital and World Health Organization (WHO) with Department of Health (DOH) (Sala, 2011). The Essential newborn care protocolRead MoreFlorida Hospital Is A Non Profit Hospital Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageshospital, which means the money goes back into patient care. Florida Hospital includes the human aspects in all levels of their organization. They are committed â€Å"to improving the quality of life of their patients, family, friends and neighbors to guide them in everything they do. Not just in â€Å"Central Florida, but around the globe as well† (Florida Hospital,2016). President/CEO Florida Hospital Lars Houmann said â€Å"through our many programs and services, Florida Hospital takes that seed and helps it blossom

Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The average third grade student worries about having the coolest pencils, making a sports team, and what they’re having for lunch. Unfortunately, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) don’t have it so easy. Daily life in and outside of the classroom can be extremely difficult for such children; however, there are ways to help. The drug Ritalin helps elementary aged male children with ADHD improve test scores by allowing them to focus in the classroom and concentrate on schoolwork (Bronson). Not using a stimulant like Ritalin has negative consequences for children with ADHD. Although they may be bright intellectually, many children with ADD or ADHD lag behind their peers developmentally by as much as 30 percent in certain areas, according to research by Dr. Russell Barkley. One symptom of ADHD is poor concentration. This can mean that a student has difficulty listening in class and a tendency to daydream. A student with ADHD also might space out and miss lecture content or homework assignments. Lack of attention, making careless mistakes on work, lack of awareness of time and grades, and not knowing if passing or failing class are all side effects of having ADHD (Zeigler Dendy). Another obstacle students with ADHD face is impulsivity. This includes rushing through work, not double checking work, not reading directions, and taking short cuts in written work. According to Kristen Caven from ADDitude Magazine, â€Å"Children with ADHD act before they think,Show MoreRelate dChildren With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe Attention Children Faces Behavioral disorder or ADHD remains comparatively common among young children ages four to twelve years of age. These conditions exist extremely innate, brain based that has to do with the limitation of a specific functions of the brain associated with behaviors. 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Children with ADHD tend to be more creative and seem to possess a more unique way of thinking, but they also struggle with being able to focus on one task at a time, which, as you know, is one requirement that is an absolute must when attending school. In the past, children that struggled with their ability to focus for long periods and carried manyRead MoreChildren With Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )911 Words   |  4 PagesMost often, parents do not realize there is something different about their child until he or she has entered a formal classroom environment, where sitting still and paying attention is expected. Children who are diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have multiple symptoms that manifest in early childhood. 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With little time being designated for children to release energy, as well as few opportunities to practice active lifestylesRead MoreThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Behavior Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at schoo l By : Sarah Alharbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). There is no doubt that ADHD children exacts an enormous burden on society in terms of financial cost, stress

Culture and Its Preservation Free Essays

This section briefly identifies some of the major views of culture and its physical manifestations related to tourism, as well as the means that have been used to protect heritage environments. The UNESCO World Commission on Culture and Development report Our Creative Diversity looks at culture as â€Å"ways of living together. † With this as a point of departure, the World Bank defines culture as the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and Its Preservation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions, and beliefs. The above reflects the separation of culture and cultural heritage into both movable and immovable forms. This report focuses primarily on culture’s immovable forms, recognizing that the â€Å"cultural landscape† includes expressions of traditions and lifestyles that must be taken into consideration when looking at effective ways of safeguarding a community’s cultural heritage. Culture and cultural heritage are prominent resources in any society. Tangible heritage may be considered a material manifestation or symbol of cultural expression, either traditions of living society or those of past societies occupying the same area. Therefore, material heritage is pivotal for anyone wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the society. This applies to the local inhabitants as well as the visitor to a new or foreign society or environment. A great deal of the activity within cultural heritage preservation has been concerned with maintaining single buildings of architectural significance and connected with important events and people. Various actors have been involved in this process, including non-governmental organizations, all levels of government, and developers. Concerns with the limitations of identifying and protecting single buildings have led to laws and regulations that protect entire environments. This allowed the process to involve more people in heritage conservation, and it defined a past that included the ordinary as well as the most significant. Many countries maintain heritage sites for interpretation and education; these are often characterized by high levels of research and documentation, as well as government management. Steadily increasing demand for culture-oriented activities affects cultural heritage of interest at all levels, from world heritage belonging to international society or mankind in general to heritage of national, regional and local significance. Preservation issues and challenges vary accordingly. In many developing countries, the legal framework for protecting heritage is better than the management capacity. Surveying and monitoring systems for controlling the state of conservation of cultural heritage and taking the necessary precautions present great challenges. Throughout the world, festivals and events – often linked to or performed in areas with cultural relics or at sites of cultural and natural significance – are now seen as important dimension of cultural tourism. They play important roles in helping to maintain cultural traditions and values while providing communities with the ability to create jobs and income. Handicrafts often form an important dimension of a region’s cultural tourism experience. Tourism can be important in helping to maintain and develop traditional craft skills, though there is also the risk that increased demand leads to a loss of authenticity in terms of process and product. The discussion of different forms also reflects that heritage, and conservation, can occur at different spatial scales, including that of a single artifact, a single building, a streetscape, an area, an entire historic town/city, a region/landscape, and even up to national and international scales. There are several reasons for public and private sector involvement in cultural heritage management (CHM), including: †¢ The recognition that heritage resources can play an important role in community continuity, renewal, and development. †¢ The increased quality of life associated with heritage resources. The role of heritage resources in creating and maintaining individual and community identity. †¢ The value of heritage resources in the education of children. †¢ The role that heritage resources can play in providing for pleasure/recreation opportunities. †¢ The role that heritage resources can play in economic revitalization and tourism development. The latter reason is the focus of the present report, but the non-tourism benefits are noted here to illustrate how the value of culture and cultural heritage goes beyond serving as tourism attractions. How to cite Culture and Its Preservation, Essay examples

Healthy Living of Adolescents-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Healthy living of Adolescents is of great Importance to People of Canada. Answer: Healthy living of adolescents is of great importance to people of Canada. There is need for many factors like supportive family, thriving social relations and most importantly, feelings of safety that prevent them from diseases, injury and help them to socialize feeling safe in the world. For this, health promotion and disease prevention is important for the adolescents. Health Promotion Dietary patterns Health Canada Surveillance Tool Tier system, 2014 suggests that every 3 in 10 adolescents have increased energy intakes than required. There is increased consumption of saturated fats that need to be reduced among adolescents with inadequate vitamins and minerals consumption like calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A and phosphorus. There is a great concern that adolescents in Canada are not meeting their daily nutrient requirements and inadequate sodium intake associated with adverse health effects. Health promotion is required in this area to promote healthy behaviour among them to prevent obesity (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2017). Nutrient requirements Obesity is the main concern in Canada due to household food insecurity making adolescents obese and prone to obesity related risks. According to a study conducted by Jessri, Nishi LAbbe, (2016) dietary patterns among adolescents in Canada demonstrated a high prevalence of consumed food rich in potatoes and processed meats. There is unhealthy food behaviour among the adolescents that has severe implications on their health like obesity. Adolescents have low quality dietary intake with less macronutrients consumption having suboptimal meal behaviour. Heath promotion is required to inculcate healthy food behaviour among this age group Stress Herman, Hopman Sabiston, (2015) there is stress prevailing among Canadian youth where around 20% youth experience 20% of moderate level of stress due to peer pressure, disruption from family and violence. They also experience suicidal thoughts and lack of social connectedness with family and seeking professional help for mental health problems. Mental health Due to persisting feelings of hopelessness and stress, there is an increase in risk for mental health problems among Canadian youth (Garipy Elgar, 2016). Substance abuse like alcohol drinking is reported among the adolescents aged 15 to 17 years that affect their mental health and highly engaged in unhealthy behaviour. They need to be educated about importance of mental health as physical health and encourage them to seek mental health professionals help when they experience suicidal thoughts or unable to cope up with their mental health issues. Youth education and understanding Canadian youth education is important in areas of unhealthy behaviour and lifestyle, education about mental health awareness and health safety. Promotion of health among young people is required that gives a foundation for the promotion of their health and addressing of health inequities among them. The actions and crosscutting strategies need to be used by school leaders ad community for strengthening protective factors, reduction of risk factors and facilitation of access to determinants of mental health. This strengthening of protective factors provide greater access to the determinants and creation of positive mental health conditions and reduction of risk-tasking behaviour among Canadian youth. These five factors can be helpful in maximizing efforts through youth engagement and encourage social inclusion. Further education is required for the youth in the areas of mental health, healthy lifestyle modifications and habits of living Strategies and resources youth education and promotion model Epidemiology and Statistics: Common diseases and injuries Head injury In the year 2011- 2012, around 754 sports-related head injuries resulted in hospitalizations among 5 to 19 years. An estimated 15,970 patients were admitted to emergency departments in Canada due to concussions and head injuries (infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2017). Around 60% youth were admitted to emergency departments due to recreation and sports-related injuries (Yanchar, Warda Fuselli, (2012). About 40% increase in sports-related injuries was from soccer, football and hockey in the year 2014. Boys are more prone to head injuries as compared to girls Risk for heart disease Canadians of the age 12-30 years suffer from high risk for heart disease that includes high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. According to the study by Canadian Medical Association Journal, there is younger heart-attacks and stroke due to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle among Canadian youth haunt them in the form of chronic health problems. There is high consumption of excessive sodium levels and packaged foods with low level of physical exercise is posing risk for heart disease threat to the young Canadians and vulnerable to high blood pressure due to diseases (Pelletier et al., 2012). Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) The typical age for IBD is 20 years among youth Canadians like ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. During the year 2010-2013, the statistics has jumped to 7.2 percent with a combination of factors including environment, genetics and a result of diets that they have causing depletion of good bacteria in the digestive tract. Substance abuse Among the youth Canadians, 8.8% were current smokers, 25.5% current binge drinkers, 18.8% current marijuana users and overweight youths around 22.5%. Around 31.2% did not perform any physical activity, 89.4% sedentary lifestyle and 93.6% did not intake vegetable and fruits (Leatherdale Rynard, 2013). The risk factors are high with 2.9% of youth are prone to risk factors for heart disease and high blood pressure. Brain injuries and concussions among Canadian youth Youth people in Canada suffer from head injuries as a major public health issue as they have long and short health consequences. Repetitive head injuries can cause long-term injuries resulting in brain damage. This occurs during sports and recreational activities that are otherwise preventable. Levels of Prevention Three levels of prevention plays an important role in the promotion of good health and injury prevention among the youths in Canada that have array of activities to reduce the onset or seriousness and the disease complications. Prevention occurs at three levels: Primary prevention This level of prevention deals with the promotion of health and protection against the risk exposure leading to health problems. There is a need to change the environment by providing family support to protect them from risk factors. There is also need for community empowerment to create awareness among the adolescents and their families regarding the change in lifestyle and personal behaviour. Nutrition education that contains maintenance of healthy food by in taking fruits and vegetables and exercise behaviours is fruitful for the youth in reducing the risk for obesity and heart diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Secondary prevention This level of prevention focuses on the stopping or slowing down the progression of disease or injury risk. The activities need to focus and target the issues of health, lifestyle or environmental factors. This includes the activity programs for the physical exercise and nutrition that target obese youths and individuals prone to heart diseases. Tertiary level of prevention This level comprises of the rehabilitation and management of persons who are diagnosed with substance abuse or health conditions. This level is concerned with reduction of complications and improving their quality of life through counselling and providing them special healthcare needs like mental health services. Health clinics that provide tertiary level of prevention are helpful in extending the youths years of productivity. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). USA. Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability.[ ]: https://www. cdc. gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm. htm ( : 20.09. 2014). Garipy, G., Elgar, F. J. (2016). Trends in Psychological Symptoms among Canadian Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: Gender and Socioeconomic Differences. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(12), 797-802. Herman, K. M., Hopman, W. M., Sabiston, C. M. (2015). Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents. Preventive medicine, 73, 112-116. infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca. (2017). Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/datalab/head-injuries-blog-en.html infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca. (2017). Retrieved 27 November 2017, from https://infobase.phac-aspc.gc.ca/datalab/head-injury-interactive-en.html?wbdisable=truewbdisable=true Jessri, M., Nishi, S. K., LAbbe, M. R. (2016). Assessing the nutritional quality of diets of Canadian children and adolescents using the 2014 Health Canada Surveillance Tool Tier System. BMC public health, 16(1), 381. Leatherdale, S. T., Rynard, V. (2013). A cross-sectional examination of modifiable risk factors for chronic disease among a nationally representative sample of youth: are Canadian students graduating high school with a failing grade for health?. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 569. Pelletier, C., Dai, S., Roberts, K. C., Bienek, A. (2012). Report summary Diabetes in Canada: facts and figures from a public health perspective.Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada,33(1). Yanchar, N. L., Warda, L. J., Fuselli, P. (2012). Child and youth injury prevention: A public health approach. Paediatrics child health, 17(9), 511-511.

The Last Lesson free essay sample

Franz didn’t want to go to school that day as his French teacher Mr. Hamel had announced that he would take a test on French Participles and Franz unprepared for it. Franz was afraid of M Hamel’s ruler and being scolded. Although Franz was more interested in spending day out of school, he eventually decided to go to school. On the way he passed through the Town Hall where a huge crowd had gathered around the notice board. Franz didn’t stop there as he was well aware that this board had always been serving bad news about the war. Blacksmith told him no need to hurry for school but Franz thought he was making fun of him. On Reaching School he was surprised to see the sea change in daily environment. There was no noise as usual, no lesson chanting sound by students. It seemed as a Sunday morning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Lesson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All students were already in their class room. M Hamel was walking with his iron ruler under his arm. Franz was frightened to enter in class as he thought that he would be scolded badly as he was very late but to his surprise, M Hamel did not say anything to him, rather welcomed him politely â€Å"Go to your place quickly little Franz, we were beginning without you†. After sitting on his seat Franz noticed that teacher was wearing his beautiful green coat, frilled shirt with a little black silk cap having embroidery on it, this type of dress usually he wore on functions or prize ceremonies only. Franz also noticed that the other villager including old Hauser, former Mayor and former post master were also presented in class they were in last benches. He couldn’t understand until M Hamel announced the notice which was served from Berlin that now onwards no French would be taught in schools of Alsace and Lorraine, only German would be taught in the schools of these two French cities and he emotionally requested students to be more attentive for their last French lesson. Franz now realized that what was there on notice board in Town Hall. These words of notice fell on Franz like a thunder clap. He couldn’t believe it would be his last lesson that day. He was badly repenting that why he didn’t learn, never paid attention to his lessons. He hardly knew how to read and write French. He was repenting that instead of studying he would go for other pleasant activities. His book that seemed always burden to him now to same appeared to him like old friends. Even his thoughts for his teacher M. Hamel changed thinking as realized that he would never see him again as it was his last day in the school. He forgot about his cranky nature and his cruel ruler. Now he could that the teacher had wore this dress in honor of his last lesson. He also understood why older people were presented in class as they were repenting why they never worry to go to school and they were there to show their respect to their teacher, who served them for forty years. When Franz’s name was called to recite the lesson, he made mistake and could even speak few words just opposite to his thinking teacher did not scold him rather he preached him that one should not waste his precious time just by live in impression that there is plenty of time and postponing the important things for next day. How would they feel when someone will make fun of them that they were not able to speak or write the French despite of being Frenchmen? Teacher did not put all blame on him but he also blamed the parents who never bothered to send their children to school to study instead they put their children to work on farms and in mill to earn extra money. Even he blamed himself that he often would send his pupils to water his plants instead of study at school and he would declare a holiday whenever he wanted to go to fishing. Teacher further said about the French language that it was the most beautiful, clearest and most logical language of the world. People should stick with their language it will be proven as the key to their prison in case they are enslaved. A magic had happened that day in class the students understood everything very well, because they were more attentive and teacher was more patient and polite on that day. Finally with very heavy heart, M Hamel stood up, he was very sad as he walked to the black board, took a chalk and wrote on it â€Å"Vive La France† which means â€Å"Long Live France† and declared the class was dismissed.

history of computers1 essays

history of computers1 essays Somewhere around 3000BC the first mechanical counting device created was the abacus. The abacus is still used today and, amazingly to me, with great speed and accuracy. In 1642 another mechanical device was created called the Pascaline (after Blaise Pascal, a famous French mathematician). The Pascaline used gears and wheels ("counting-wheels") to perform the calculations. The interesting thing to note is that the counting-wheel design was used in calculators until the 1960s. The next major breakthrough in computer history revolves around Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. The machines that Charles designed in the early 1800s were not electronic computers as we know them now but they were general-purpose computational devices that were designed to be driven by steam. Charles is credited with being the "Father of Computing" due to the fact that his designs were WAY ahead of his time. He laid the foundation for the modern computer. Another computer development spurred by the war was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) produced by a partnership between the U.S. government and the University of Pennsylvania. Consisting of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million soldered joints, the computer was such a massive piece of machinery that it consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power, enough energy to dim the lights in an entire section of Philadelphia. Developed by John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) and John W. Mauchly (1907-1980), ENIAC, unlike the Colossus and Mark I, was a general-purpose computer that computed at speeds 1,000 times faster than Mark I. These first computers were extremely large, slow, and inefficient. Many things happened between the creation of the ENIAC and now. Among the most interesting and pertinent to us in this course is the development of the microcomputer. The major development of ...

Collective and Distributive Power of the United States Assignment

Collective and Distributive Power of the United States - Assignment Example America enjoys a power in the international system that is indispensable as the state wishes to take their leadership responsibilities as well as share the burdens of others. Thus the country of America enjoys both collective as well as distributive powers. (Simone, 2000, p 39) The United States of America play an important leadership role in the policies regarding the international trade. Thus the paper aims at evaluating the role of the country in international trade. Trade relations existed among economies from the period of Mercantilism in the world economy. The large economies of the world have always been dominating the small economies in their economic interaction in terms of trade. One main instance that reflects the dominance of the United States in the dealings of international Trade was the signing of the conditional MFN clause in the year 1778 between the United States and France. The equality of the privileges enjoyed in the market was to be ensured by the treaty. However, the clause held by the US was the main factor responsible for destroying the equality in the market. (Trebilcock & Howse, 2005, p 50) In the period following the Second World War and the establishment of universal balance in the economies of the country, that is, after such a huge disturbance, there had been a significant increase in international trades. In order to conduct the liberalization of the world economies in a systematic way, a certain agreement was planned to be signed between the nations participating in international trade. This gave rise to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades, which was followed by the establishment of a general governing body for monitoring the international trade, namely the World Trade Organization. The main aim motive behind the formation of GATT was to avoid the difficulties of the policies of imports and exports of individual countries prevalent before the Second World War. An overall policy for all member countries participating in international  trade was the main aim.  

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Criminal Justice - Essay Example However, the exacting of the inmate’s freedoms, liberties and choices must be balanced, so that the social or public order is not disturbed. The public order is the prison the inmate is serving in. It is in the interest of social order that every inmate is to be accorded treatment or medical attention, as a way of upholding the US’ civil rights, justice and social order. However, room is left for inmates to exercise choice. Nevertheless, the declining of medical attention is seen to contravene public order in the event that the patient’s medical condition can affect social order. Mental illness, communicable diseases and urgent and important vaccines to an outbreak are some of the conditions which may directly affect public order. The crux of the matter above is that if the inmate is not accorded medical attention when he is in any of the three conditions above, he is likely to endanger the lives and health of other inmates and prison staff as well. Therefore, the exacting of forceful treatment will be being done for the good of the inmate, the rest of the inmates, the prison staff and US (or state) interests. It must also be remembered from the outset that life belongs to the state. Because of this, declining medical attention to a point where the life of the inmate may be in danger is akin to and amounts to breaching public order. No one has a right to take his life, even if it is by resisting medical attention. The two polarities (individual rights and public order) can be balanced by passing a legal injunction which would give prison authorities the power to administer treatment to specific medical conditions, if the inmate resisted. Some of these specific medical conditions that would bestow power on prison authorities include the refusal to receive medical attention because of mental derangement or psychological

Effects of Training Hours on Cardiovascular System

Effects of Training Hours on Cardiovascular System Imran Osman The effect of the average training hours per week on the cardiovascular fitness of sport participants: Studies such as that by Shannan E. Gormley et al. (2008) and Tabata et al. (1996) clearly show that exercise and regular training have a positive effect on the heart (circulatory system) and the respiratory system and therefore on the cardiovascular fitness of the individual. The aim of this study was to further endorse and determine the effect that training hours have on cardiovascular fitness of sport participants. Both the resting heart rates and VO2 max of sport performers were taken into account when measuring the cardiovascular fitness. Frequent training is of key importance for sport participants. Regular training should increase the aerobic fitness of the performer due to increasing their VO2 max and decreasing their resting heart rate. The hypothesis suggested that an increase in average training hours per week would results in an increase in VO2 max and decrease in heart rate. This is based on the fact that ‘VO2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can utilise per minute during intense exercise’ (Elizabeth Quinn, 2011) which is said to be an accurate measure of cardiovascular fitness. Resting heart rate is also a determinant of the fitness of sport participants. The resting heart rate of those who exercise and train more frequently should be lower because less effort is needed from the heart to pump blood.(Source?) Found this as a source; can’t find a author though.  http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/specialtopic/physical-activity/exercises-effects-on-the-heart.html Try to f ind a journal that says it because they prefer you to use peer reviewed sources Fifty sport participants, 25 male and 25 female took part in the study. The experiments included measurements of each participant’s VO2 max, resting heart rate and average training hours per week in their specific sport. In addition to this, alcohol intake and whether or not the participants smoked were recorded, as all of these factors may affect the results. Ethical issues were considered before the tests on these subjects were carried out. For example participants had given informed consent, they understood their role in the experiment, as well as having the choice to withdraw at any time. The subjects had volunteered to take part and were not pressurised to participate. If the participants had an injury or disease they would not be chosen to take part as this may have adversely affect their health during the experiment and have a negative impact on results. VO2 max was measured using the ‘Astrand 6 minute cycle VO2 max test’ which was performed using a cycle ergometer. A heart rate monitor, weighing scales and a stopwatch were also required. Resting heart rate is the number of beats per minute when the performer is at complete rest (Elizabeth Quinn, 2011), and was measured using the heart rate monitor. Many experiments involving the measurement of VO2 max have used the Astrand cycle test such as that by R.E. Cink et al.(1981) and it was said to be successful, also a study by G. Keren et al.(1980) on the Comparison of Various Methods for the Determination of VO2 max came to the conclusion that the Astrand-Rhyming procedure can be a reliable measure for maximal oxygen consumption. Therefore this test was chosen for the investigation. Before each participant carried out the test, the seat height was adjusted appropriately where the knee was almost straight and the pedalling position made to be comfortable for the subject. In advance to the participant took part in a 3 minute warm-up. The initial cycle work rate was set to 125 kilogram-force meter/minute. This setting was chosen as it was appropriate when looking at the age of each participant also this setting should raise the participant’s heart rate to 130-160bpm after 2 minutes cycling at 50rpm before the test starts. The participants would start the test on command and the stopwatch was then started. The performer(s) pedalled at 50rpm for 6 minutes whilst maintaining their heart rate between 120-170 bpm. The heart rate was chosen to be maintained at this range as recommended by G. Keren (1980), who is one of many others who carried out studies using the Astrand technique. He said that the procedure can only be a reliable measure for maximal oxygen consu mption if done properly in the way that Astrand, (1985) carried it out so that heart rate should be kept between 120-170 beats/min. The participant’s heart rate was recorded each minute and after 2 minutes if the participant’s heart rate was not in the target range of 120-170bpm then the work rate wattage was adjusted accordingly. The heart rate rose to a level in the target range and then levelled off, staying relatively constant during the last few minutes of exercise. After 6 minutes the test stopped and the final work rate wattage was recorded. To estimate VO2 max using this protocol, the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram was used, similar to the study by Stephen. F.Siconolfi (1985), where the nomograph technique is carried out where the heart rate (left of nomograph) is plotted and then the workload (right of nomograph), which helps find the VO2 max (middle of nomograph). Once the estimated VO2 max value had been determined the calculation-based formula was used where the estimated VO2 max value was multiplied by the appropriate correction factor (based on age). A treadmill or a stationary bike could have been used to measure the VO2 max and it was important to stay with the same apparatus for each participant to maintain an accurate and fair test. The bicycle ergometer was chosen over the treadmill because it is less expensive, requires less space and is easily transported. It also makes it easier to take heart rate or attach an ECG and requires little training or practice. Furthermore, mechanical efficiency of individuals on stationary bikes varies less than the mechanical efficiency of during running protocols. It is also relatively easy to calculate the external work done on a bike, whereas the work done on a treadmill could be quite variable. Due to variation in mechanical efficiency of a treadmill, bike tests were seen to be better at identifying differences between subjects VO2 max. The mean resting heart rates and mean VO2 max of each participant (male and female) were calculated. As well as the standard deviations of resting heart rate and VO2 max, to see the number of variations that can exist from the average and to determine how numbers varied and how spread out they are. Results: The average resting heart and average VO2 max of each participant as well as the standard deviations: Note; (Do Quantitative comparison; here)-comparing males and females vo2 and resting HR?.. Table of general results: Subject number Gender Average Training Hours per week VO2 Max (ml/kg/min) Resting HR (bpm) 1 Female 20 48 54 2 Female 9 44 59 3 Female 22 32 74 4 Female 18 41 66 5 Female 6 35 69 6 Female 18 36 69 7 Female 16 42 65 8 Female 10 42 67 9 Female 12 47 66 10 Female 8 41 66 11 Female 24 50 61 12 Female 14 31 75 13 Female 20 60 48 14 Female 18 59 48 15 Female 18 41 66 16 Female 20 60 56 17 Female 12 48 64 18 Female 11 41 65 19 Female 10 43 63 20 Female 26 46 61 21 Female 22 67 40 22 Female 16 54 50 23 Female 16 36 69 24 Female 16 56 62 25 Female 12 50 57 26 Male 18 39 68 27 Male 8 43 68 28 Male 12 46 66 29 Male 9 47 62 30 Male 16 46 58 31 Male 16 38 72 32 Male 16 44 58 33 Male 12 40 60 34 Male 20 42 58 35 Male 22 41 68 36 Male 18 44 60 37 Male 16 55 56 38 Male 16 34 69 39 Male 18 44 65 40 Male 14 35 69 41 Male 18 62 43 42 Male 20 45 70 43 Male 9 34 75 44 Male 16 44 54 45 Male 8 38 67 46 Male 8 32 70 47 Male 9 43 63 48 Male 14 43 55 49 Male 18 60 53 50 Male 10 47 62 Imran I don’t think you need the info for every subject, just the averages. Otherwise there’s too much data to read. The results vaguely show that as the number of training hours increase, the cardiovascular fitness for both genders increases. Figure 1 vaguely shows that the VO2 max increases for both genders, and figure 2 vaguely shows that for both genders as the average number of training hours increases the resting heart rate decreases. Figures 1 and 2 show that there was a large variation in results and that the results are not all close to the line of best fit, the data has anomalies, although there is a weak correlation. The variation could be down to factors such as the participants smoking and/ or having high alcohol intake, therefore affecting the VO2 max and resting heart rate. The participants may also have carried out different types of training and training in a way that was specific to their individual sports. Their activities may have been aerobic or anaerobic training and this was not taken into account. The biggest limitation is the fact that the results are varied and not all are similar, there are many outliers, and as discussed this may be due to the differing types of training of the participants and so a future recommendation would be to carry out the experiment with a sample of participants who have preferred sports of which are only anaerobic or only aerobic. Shannan E. Gormley et al. (2008) undertook a similar study to determine the effects of regular aerobic training on VO2 max and resting heart rate, and whether various intensities of aerobic training differentially affected VO2 max as well as resting HR and resting blood pressure. Sixty one healthy young adults took part in the study, they were matched for sex and VO2max and were randomly assigned to a moderate, vigorous near-maximal-intensity, or a non- exercising control group. Intensity during exercise was controlled by having the subjects maintain target HR. Exercise volume was controlled across the three training groups by varying duration and frequency. Fifty-five subjects completed a 6-wk training protocol on a stationary bicycle ergometer and pre and post testing. The researchers concluded that VO2 max had significantly increased in all exercising groups ‘by 7.2, 4.8, and 3.4 ml/kg/min in the near-maximal, the vigorous, and the moderate-intensity groups, respectively’. Therefore showing that Vo2 max increases with intensity of exercise as well as frequency of exercise. Other studies show similar results. Carleton B. Chapman and Robert. S. Frazer (1954) implies that regular exercise training increases cardiovascular function of an individual by increasing their cardiac output and therefore lowering the resting heart rate of the individual. A trial performed by Tabata et al. (1996) showed that after two experiments involving individuals whom are also young sport participants that took part in training programmes, and that after this regular training VO2 max of these individuals increases significantly. In conclusion, the results do not follow the hypothesis in that the data does not clearly show correlations of the effect of average training hours on the resting heart rates and VO2 max of this group of people. This however is only for this specific group of people and may be down to other factors influencing these results such as their alcohol intake, if they smoke or not, and also more importantly, what is involved in their training. One participant may be mainly focusing on agility, whilst another on strength. Furthermore, their particular sporting activity may be aerobic or anaerobic which may have affected the results also. Moreover, this sample size was small also, which means that the results cannot be generalised. References: Elizabeth Quinn. (2011). What Is VO2 Max. [Online] [Accessed 20/02/2014] Available from: http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/anatomyandphysiology/a/VO2_max.htm. Elizabeth Quinn. (July 26, 2011). Resting Heart Rate. [Online] [Accessed 20/02/2014] Available: http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/anatomyandphysiology/qt/Resting-Heart-Rate.htm. Tabata et al. (1996). (Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, JAPAN) Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and  ·VO2max. [Online] [Accessed 20/02/2014] Available from : http://jeffosadec.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/effects-of-moderate-intensity-endurance-and-high-intensity-intermittent-training-on-anaerobic-capacity-and-e280a2vo2max.pdf. Carleton B. Chapman and Robert S. Frazer. (1954). Studies on the Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function: Cardiac Output and Mean Circulation Time. [Online] Last accessed 19/02/2014.Available from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/9/1/57.full.pdf+html Shannan E. Gormley et al.(2008) Effect of Intensity of Aerobic Training on VO2max. [Online] [Accessed 20/02/2014] Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/576846 REFERENCE THE ONES BELOW CORRECTLY.. -STEVEN F. SICONOLFI, CAROL EWING GARBER, THOMAS M. LASATER AND RICHARD A. CARLETON (1985) http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/121/3/382.full.pdf+html R.E. Cink, T.R. Thomas. (1981) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1858756/pdf/brjsmed00255-0036.pdf EXERCISES EFFECTS ON THE HEART, New york times http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/specialtopic/physical-activity/exercises-effects-on-the-heart.html -A comparison of various methods for the determination of VO2max. Keren G, Magazanik A, Epstein Y. (1980). VO2 max ;(use this to replace all throughout essay) Usefull links? http://www.sportsci.org/jour/0101/cf.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2644030 http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin343%20Files/Bike%20Lab.pdf http://library.crossfit.com/free/pdf/52_06_VO2_Not_Gold_Standard.pdf Links to do with the method/ Amstrad test;†¦ http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072844221/123981/laba3_3.pdf and http://web.sls.hw.ac.uk/teaching/level3/A33TT3/A33TT3/Practical%202%20Astrand%20Rhyming.prn.pdf http://www.brianmac.co.uk/cycle6min.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ2adzoaVdI (This link here will help find studies using the test; )=http://www.vo2konsulten.se/artiklar/dan_andersson_astrand_ryhming.pdf

Essay --

Various meats is a significant source of proteins and fat in most diets. Substantial evidence from research has shown that meat intake, mainly meat, is associated with greater threats of issues including diabetes, cardiac arrest, and some forms of cancer. Numerous research suggest risky of death rate associated with meat intake. However, most of these research have been done in areas with a high amount of vegans (such as the Seventh Day Adventists in the U.S. and some research in Europe). A recent large cohort research with 10 decades of adhere to up discovered that a greater intake of complete meat and prepared meat was connected to risky of death rate. However, this research did not differ prepared and non-processed meat, and eating plan and other factors were only assessed at guideline. Furthermore, no research has so far examined whether replacement of other outlets for meat is connected with a reduced death rate threat. Therefore, they studied the organization between meat intake and complete and cause-specific death rate in two large cohorts with recurring measures of eating plan and up to 28 decades of follow-up: the Wellness Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and Nurses' Wellness Study (NHS). They also approximated the organizations of replacing other sources of proteins for meat with complete and cause-specific death rate. In 1980, a 61 item FFQ was given among the NHS members to gather details on their normal intake of meals and drinks in the past year. In 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006, almost the same but extended FFQs with 131 to 166 products were sent to these members to update their eating plan plan. Using the extended FFQ employed in the NHS, nutritional information was collected every 4 years starti... ... and veggies. Unprocessed and prepared meat intake was moderately relevant (0.40 in HPFS and 0.37 in NHS). However, meat intake was less relevant with intake of chicken or seafood. During the follow-up, meat intake declined in both men and ladies. For example, the common intake of natural meat came down from .75 to .63 servings per day from 1986 to 2006 in men, and dropped down from 1.10 to 0.55 servings per day from 1980 to 2006 in women. In conclusion, they discovered that a greater intake of natural and prepared meat is associated with a greater death rate threat. In contrast to meat, other nutritional elements, such as seafood, chicken, nut products, beans, low-fat milk products and whole grains, were associated with a reduced threat. These outcomes indicate that replacement of meat with substitute healthier nutritional elements may reduce the death rate threat.

Marketing Strategy Panadol

Did you know? ? Some people feel more pain than others. The reason is probably perception. The brain works by association. ? Ibuprofen is analgesic and anti-inflammatory but Paracetamol is just analgesic. ? The ‘dol’ in Panadol is derived from the Latin word ‘dolor’, meaning pain 3 Content ? Objectives ? Panadol Background ? Target Market ? Current Marketing Strategies ? 4 P’s ? Analysis ? Options ? Conclusions ? Next Step 4 Objectives ? Analyse the current marketing strategies of Panadol ? Recommend new strategies for Panadol 5 6 Panadol’s History 1956 Launched Australian market as a prescription edicine 1970 1980 Panadol is marketed for Panadol is first time in the introduced to consumers just Supermarkets. in Pharmacies 1998 2007 New packaging Panadol rapid was introduced was launched 7 Panadol ? It is the most widely available pain reliever in the world, and leader in many. ? It competes in the analgesic market, with generics products and r egistered brands. ? All Australian Panadol products are manufactured in Sydney. 8 9 Target Market ? Panadol has segmented the market into adults and children? s presentations. ? Panadol Children’s: Parents ? Panadol Tab/ Caps : Australians 18+. Panadol Rapid : Younger female. 10 11 Panadol ? It is the most trusted brand of pain reliever in Australia. ? Panadol is a paracetamol, analgesic , effective temporary relief of any kind of pain. = ? It has led the innovation in pain relief, introducing different forms and presentations: tablets, caplets, capsules, suppositories, among others. ? Also Panadol has included line extensions in different markets: Cold & Flu, Osteo and Children’s market. 12 Packaging ? 2 blister package ? Safety seal system ? Friendly design and homogeneous. ? Relevant information for the patient. Introduced the last market leading innovation in design. Panadol Rapid 13 Price Product Price in Price per Price in Pharmacies tablet S/markets Price per ta blet Panadol Tablets 24 2,99 0,12 2,99 0,12 Herron Capsules 24 2,99 0,12 2,56 0,11 Herron Bottle Tab 60 4,69 0,08 Panadol Tablets 50 5,69 0,11 Panadol Tablets 100 8,99 0,09 ? Psychological Pricing tactic. ? Cheaper prices per larger quantities. 14 Distribution 2007 69% 22% 7% 1% 2006 69% 22% 7% 1% 0% 20% 40% Pharmacies / drugstores Convenience Stores 60% 80% 100% Supermarkets / hypermarkets Independent Retailers ? Intensive Distribution Pharmacies are the main distribution channel 15 Position on shelf P. Rapid Panadol Children Panadol Line 1 Panadol Panadol Back & Pain Line 2 Panadol Line 3 Nurofen Line 4 Nurofen Line 5 Paracetamol Coles Ibuprofen Coles Herron other products Advil Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 ? Panadol has 43% of the Analgesic shelf. It is located in lines 1,2 and 3. 16 Advertising ? Glaxo is No. 1 in the top 10 of advertiser’s pharmaceuticals companies in Australia ? Glaxo invested $25. 8 million during 2008, with 15 million supporting Panadol, across all me dia. ? Glaxo uses all means of communication to marketPanadol, emphasising the key factors of speed and effectiveness, including its suitability for all ages 17 TV ? Panadol’s target market covers a big portion of the Population, with TV being ideal to reach a wide geographic coverage. ? Panadol has been on TV all year, it is the biggest portion in its budget. ? Panadol commercials try to make an emotional link with the consumer and uses positives reinforcement. 18 Magazines ? This year Panadol has advertised in publications such as Cosmopolitan and NW, the 2 lifestyle magazines most read in Australia. ? Magazines are good strategy for targets that share the ame interest. ? They are also a good alternative for reaching specialized targets such as physicians and pediatricians. 19 Outdoor ? Panadol is using effectively this media, reaching a large percentage of the population with a low cost per exposure ratio. ? Panadol is using this media in different forms such as Buses, Met rolites and Buses stops. 20 Internet ? The Panadol brand does not have a website on the Internet. ? In these sites there isn’t any information related to the other ranges of Panadol, or links to other Panadol sites. 21 22 Analysis †¢Panadol is in the top 10 of the Australian most trusted brands in 2009 It has a long-standing reputation of quality and realibity. †¢Panadol was ranked N. 1 in analgesic market during 2007, but was ranked N. 2 in 2008, proceeded by Neurofen, which is growing faster Analgesic Market Sales Var 0% Var 5% Sales +(000. 000) 60 40 20 Glaxo S. Reckitt B. 2006 2007 Which are the others 23 Analysis ? Panadol has implemented good marketing strategies, achievieng good Top of Mind and maintining sales level. ? It should implement Alternatives and original strategies, in order to recover its leadership. 24 25 First Aid Kit †¢It is indispensable at home †¢Increase brand presence Strategic Alliance with other products or companies †¢Any kind of promotional material. E. g. Frigde frames 26 Internet †¢It is the media, which is going to experience the most growth (10,4%) in coming years †¢It is the second most important media in Australian population. Time spent with media Average Hours per week 60 50 3 2 3 11 12 14 17 13 12 18 20 21 18-24 25-34 35-49 40 30 20 10 0 TV Internet Radio Newspapers Magazines 27 It is my choice! †¢Implement a friendly and effective website †¢Most important to interact with the customers. †¢Special contest â€Å"What have been the best choice in their lives? †. 28Environmentally friendly †¢People more concerned about the enviroment and problems in the future †¢Panadol can contribute with 2 main things: †¢Including a recycable logo in the package †¢Eliminating the plastic protection cover 29 Two more options ? Multi-branding strategy Take advantage of the high brand investment Create an identity for Panadol Brand such as: â€Å" Trusfully P anadol or Gentle with your stomach† ? Raising consumer awarness throughout pharmacies Main distribution channel (69% of sales) Implement a strong promotional campaign Train pharmacists 30 Conclusions ? Panadol is an excellent brand, that still maintain a ood top of mind in the Australian consumers. ? The implemented strategies are being effective, however is losing market share ? It is recommendable to implement alternatives strategies, as the ones suggested in this presentation. 31 Next Step.. ? Check which of the 5 strategies are chosen to be implemented. (Next meeting, 30/09/09) ? Check with financial department the cost of this strategies. ? Check the promotional budget for 2010, and include this value. 32 â€Å"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. † Steve Jobs quotes (American Entrepreneur Apple co-Founder, b. 1955) 33

Why Did Jefferson Argue That Religious Freedom Is Needed

Reiche 1 Markus Reiche Professor Rectenwald HIS10500ONLNEOL11 September 16, 2015 Why does Jefferson argue that religious freedom is needed? The Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom is an announcement composed by Thomas Jefferson and went by the Virginia General Assembly on January 16, 1786. Jefferson believed in religious freedom and exerted himself to separate state and church. He argued that religious freedom was more than needed in America, a nation of immigrants. Thomas Jefferson succeeded in overcoming problems like religious discrimination. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom is a result of Thomas Jefferson’s believes about religious freedom. In his document he wrote that â€Å"no man shall be compelled to frequent or support†¦show more content†¦1 Thomas Jefferson. An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom, 16 January 1786. Records of the General Assembly, Enrolled Bills, Record Group 78. Lab# 07_0071_01 Reiche 2 From the day the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom was granted by the Virginia General Assembly, Thomas Jefferson succeeded in overcoming the religious difficulties in America. As it later transpired, his work laid the foundations of the first amendment protections for religious freedom in the United of America. An Act for Establishing Religious Freedom, is a primary source which gives an instructive glimpse into the time when America was going through an intense phase of self-discovery. Reiche 1 Markus Reiche Professor Rectenwald HIS10500ONLNEOL11 September 18, 2015 Was the American Revolution Inevitable? The article â€Å"Was the American Revolution Inevitable?† is a publication written by Dr. Francis D. Cogliano, a senior docent in American History at the University of Edinburgh and occupies itself with the American Revolution during the eighteenth century. This document, a secondary source electronically published on September 18, 2015, was written long time after the American Revolution occurred. Thereby, Dr. Francis D. Cogliano answer to the abovementioned question gives a glimpse about the life at this time in American History. America in the eighteenth century was a colonial administrated country by the European power of Britain.